Which type of metabolism involves the breakdown of molecules?

The correct choice is catabolism, as it specifically refers to the metabolic processes that involve the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones. This process is essential for generating energy, as it releases stored energy from complex molecules such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

For instance, during exercise, the body breaks down glucose through glycolysis to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell. Catabolism also plays a critical role in recycling cellular components and is involved in various physiological processes such as digestion and cellular respiration.

Anabolism, in contrast, is focused on the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones, which requires energy input rather than releasing it. Homeostasis is related to the regulation of internal conditions within the body, while metabolism encompasses all chemical reactions in the body, including both anabolic and catabolic processes. Thus, catabolism is distinct in its function of breaking down molecules to facilitate energy extraction and manage metabolic needs.