Which part of the brain is responsible for higher cognitive functions?

The cerebrum is the part of the brain that is primarily responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking, reasoning, problem-solving, and planning. It encompasses the majority of the brain's mass and is divided into two hemispheres. Each hemisphere features four lobes: the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, each contributing to different aspects of cognitive processing. The frontal lobe, in particular, is crucial for executive functions, which include decision-making, emotional control, and social interactions. This central role in complex cognitive tasks distinguishes the cerebrum as the key area associated with higher-order brain activities.

In contrast, the cerebellum mainly coordinates movement and balance but is not involved in higher cognitive functions. The brainstem regulates vital functions such as heart rate and breathing but does not handle cognitive tasks. The hypothalamus plays a significant role in homeostasis and regulating physiological processes, like hunger and temperature regulation, making it less relevant to the realm of higher cognitive processing.