What is the term for the process of maintaining a stable internal environment?

The term that refers to the process of maintaining a stable internal environment is homeostasis. This concept is fundamental in understanding how living organisms regulate their internal conditions despite external changes. Homeostasis involves various physiological processes that help keep parameters such as temperature, pH, and electrolyte balance within narrow limits, ensuring that cells function effectively.

For instance, if the body’s temperature rises due to external heat, homeostasis mechanisms, such as sweating and increased blood flow to the skin, help cool the body down. Similarly, when it comes to blood glucose levels, insulin and glucagon are hormones that help regulate these levels within a desirable range. Thus, homeostasis is essential for the overall well-being and survival of an organism, reflecting its ability to adapt and maintain function in a changing environment.

The other terms, while related to biological and physical processes, do not specifically denote the active regulation of an internal environment. Metabolism refers to all chemical reactions occurring within the body, homeopathy is an alternative medicinal practice, and equilibrium generally refers to a state of balance but does not encompass the dynamic processes involved in homeostasis.