What is the term for flat epithelium cells?

The term for flat epithelial cells is squamous cells. These cells are characterized by their thin, flat shape, which allows for efficient diffusion and filtration. Squamous epithelium is typically found in areas where rapid exchange of materials is necessary, such as in the lining of blood vessels (endothelium), the alveoli of the lungs, and the surface of the skin (epidermis).

The structure of squamous cells facilitates their primary function in these locations, as their flat layout minimizes the distance substances must travel during processes like gas exchange or fluid filtration. In contrast, cuboidal cells, which are taller than they are wide, and columnar cells, which are taller yet, serve different functions, often involved in secretion and absorption. Transitional cells, on the other hand, are specialized for stretching and are found in the urinary bladder. Thus, the flat morphology of squamous cells is distinctly suited to their roles in the body.