What is the structural unit of the nervous system?

The structural unit of the nervous system is the neuron. Neurons are specialized cells that transmit information throughout the body via electrical and chemical signals. They consist of three main parts: the cell body, dendrites, and axon. Dendrites receive signals from other neurons, while the axon transmits signals away from the neuron to other neurons, muscles, or glands.

Neurons play a vital role in the functions of the nervous system, including reflexes, sensory perception, and coordination of activities. The unique structure of neurons allows them to communicate effectively and respond appropriately to stimuli, which is essential for all nervous system functions.

Other components, such as glial cells, synapses, and nuclei, serve supportive or auxiliary roles. While glial cells provide support, protection, and nourishment to neurons, they do not transmit signals themselves. A synapse is a junction between two neurons where signaling occurs, but it is not a structural unit. The nucleus of a cell contains genetic material and regulates cell function, but it is part of the neuron rather than a standalone structural unit of the nervous system.