What is the function of Merkel cells in the skin?

Merkel cells play a crucial role in the sensory function of the skin. They are specialized cells located primarily in the epidermis, specifically in the stratum basale layer, and are known for their association with sensory nerve endings. When stimulated by touch or pressure, Merkel cells contribute to the perception of tactile stimuli by transmitting signals to the sensory neurons. This process allows the body to detect fine details and textures through the sense of touch, making them essential for the tactile sensory system.

In contrast, the other functions listed are performed by different types of cells in the skin. For instance, melanin production is carried out by melanocytes, which are responsible for skin pigmentation. Immune responses in the skin are primarily mediated by Langerhans cells and other immune cells. Lastly, adipose tissue is stored in the subcutaneous layer and is primarily composed of adipocytes, not related to the functions of Merkel cells. Thus, the correct answer highlights the significant role that Merkel cells have in providing sensory functions within the skin.