What does the term "synapse" refer to in neuroanatomy?

The term "synapse" specifically refers to the junction between two neurons, where the communication takes place. At a synapse, the transmitting neuron releases neurotransmitters that cross the synaptic cleft (the gap between neurons) to bind with receptors on the receiving neuron. This process is crucial for transmitting signals throughout the nervous system, allowing for communication between neurons which can lead to the activation of muscles, glandular responses, or further transmission of signals within the brain.

Other concepts mentioned, such as electrical signals transmitted along a neuron, protective coverings, and types of neurotransmitters, relate to different aspects of neuroanatomy but do not define the synapse itself. The electrical signal represents how impulses travel within a neuron, while the protective covering pertains to the myelin sheath that insulates axons, and neurotransmitters are the chemicals that facilitate communication across the synapse. Each of these elements plays an important role in the overall functioning of the nervous system, but the definition of synapse is specifically about the point of communication between neurons.